More about CNC machining
CNC machining is a metal manufacturing procedure that uses computer programs to control a range of machining centres such as lathes, milling machines, drills, routers and grinders.
Machines are programmed offline or directly to produce precision engineered components in various materials and for a multitude of applications.
A computer program defines the tool path using traditional CAD drawings or now, more commonly, 3D models. The computer software works out the most efficient cutting path, tool type, speeds and feed configurations.
A series of servo motors and lead screws guide the cutting tool position, type, movement and orientation to replicate the encoding program.
Uses of CNC machining
CNC machines are used across the full spectrum of metal engineering processes such as turning, milling and laser cutting.
Once programmed, and with proven set up completed, CNC operations execute with virtually no involvement from human operators resulting in very high precision engineering and consistent repeatability.
The program not only controls the precision CNC machining process but also determines subsidiary functions such as fixtures and machine axes.
CNC machines can manufacture parts for all sectors of industry. They are particularly useful where complex multi-axis machining is required. Precision fabricated products are used widely in the aerospace, defence, medical, transport sectors as well as in the manufacture of vending machines and kiosks.
CAD drawing and CNC machining
CNC machining typically starts with a 3D design of the finished machined object, which is used to generate machine instructions.
Component dimensions generated by computer-aided design (CAD) software are converted into proposed products using computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software, often combined into CAD/CAM systems.
The computer program is loaded into the CNC machine along with the relevant tooling and a first off sample is produced to confirm dimensional accuracy and the quality of finish. Minor adjustments are made to the program as required.
Advantages of CNC machining
There are many advantages of CNC machining in the precision engineering and sheet metal manufacturing environment:
- Precision components: The use of digital templates and autonomous machining practically eliminate human error in CNC machining and achieve accuracy of 1/1000th
- Consistency of manufacture: CNC machining will produce consistent components and, with the application of some additional measurement and monitoring, can also automatically detect tool wear, material inconsistencies and dimensional creep.
- Reliable endurance: CNC machines can work around-the-clock daily, weekends and holidays. They only need to stop for maintenance or repair.
Previously, complex machined components required several machining operations resulting in part variations, increased cycle times and higher costs.
Not only is CNC machining more efficient it can also reduce waste and bring down production times. This is especially true for large batch run-off precision engineered components.
Types of CNC machining tools
Basic CNC machining tools include turning centres (lathes), Swiss-style turning, bridge mills and gantry mills, metrology tools, shapers, broaching machines and 5-Axis machine tools. See our article on Types of CNC Machining Tools for more details.
A complex machined component will usually require several machining operations in its construction, and these are typically executed in a particular order.
Many modern CNC machines can combine different engineering operations and machine tools into a single cell.
Advanced machines can operate on up to five axes – laterally along the x and y-axes, longitudinally along the y-axis and rotationally about one or two axes.
Multi-axis simultaneous machining allows the machining of complex shapes with relative ease. Multi-axis machines can also have the capacity to flip components parts over to turn them around, eliminating the need for any manual intervention.
No matter which setup or type of machine used, a single CNC program can control all the metal engineering and fabrication operations. These can include cutting, drilling, turning, milling, routing, punching and welding.
The scope of CNC machining
The precision and versatility of CNC machining mean that CNC machined parts are found in a wide range of products manufactured from an extensive range of materials, including most metals and plastics.
Complex machined parts are produced from a single machine to very high levels of accuracy. Advances in CAD/CAM software and the digitisation of supply chains means that production times are very much shorter than conventional production methods.
KMF Precision Engineering is an advanced precision engineering company at the forefront of CNC machining services and manufacturing technology. KMF Precision Engineering is a market leader with best-in-class manufacturing facilities and technology. Investment and innovation allow us to excel in the production of high-value and quality-stringent CNC machined components at a competitive cost.
If you have a CNC machining project you would like to discuss, please get in touch with our team today: sales@kmf.co.uk | 01780 593020.